Text (from wikipedia, "Engineering")

Engineering

Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying technical and scientific knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET[1]) has defined engineering as follows:
“The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.”[2][3][4]
One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as European Engineer, Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, or Incorporated Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.

History

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engine’er (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.”[5] In this context, now obsolete, an “engine” referred to a military machine, i. e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a catapult). The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning “innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention.”[6]
Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering[4] entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering (the original meaning of the word “engineering,” now largely obsolete, with notable exceptions that have survived to the present day such as military engineering corps, e. g., the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers).

Ancient Era

The Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Pharos of Alexandria, the pyramids in Egypt, Teotihuacán and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires, the Great Wall of China, among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient civil and military engineers.
The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.[4] As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC. [7] He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture.[citation needed]
Ancient Greece developed machines in both in the civilian and military domains. The Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known model of a mechanical computer in history, and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes' inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required sophisticated knowledge of differential gearing or epicyclic gearing, two key principles in machine theory that helped design the gear trains of the Industrial revolution and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering.[8]
Chinese and Roman armies employed complex military machines including the Ballista and catapult. In the middle ages, the Trebuchet was developed.

Activity #1

Order of information:
Sentence(If it has some kind of reference)
Kind of sentence
ICs , DCs
Type of sentence according to its clauses

One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as European Engineer, Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, or Incorporated Engineer(Those, anaphora, who practice engineering)
Declarative
IC, CC IC
Compound sentence

The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.(each, anaphora, diciplines)
Declarative
IC, IC
Compound sentence

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel.(inventions, cataphora," pulley, lever and wheel")
Declarative
IC DM DC
Complex sentence

Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.(Each, anaphora," pulley, lever and wheel";"object of reference not present" exploiting, anaphora, 'modern definition of engineering' )
Declarative
IC , IC
Compound sentence

In this context, now obsolete, an “engine” referred to a military machine.
Declarative
DC, DC, IC
Complex sentence

The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250)
Declarative
IC, IC
Compound sentence

The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC. (" Object of reference not present "As one, anaphora, Imhotep ;he, anaphora, Imhotep)
Declarative
DM DC, IC CC IC
Compound-complex sentence

He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture(he, anaphora, Imhotep)
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

Ancient Greece developed machines in both, the civilian and military domains(both, cataphora, the civilian and military domains)
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

The Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known model of a mechanical computer in history, and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering.(the, anaphora, The Antikythera mechanism; are examples, anaphora, The Antikythera mechanism and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes)
Declarative
DC, IC, CC IC
Compound-complex sentence

Chinese and Roman armies employed complex military machines including the Ballista and catapult.(complex military machines , cataphora, the Ballista and catapult )
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

In the middle ages, the Trebuchet was developed.
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

A)Compound words.

Noun: Learning, Comunication.

Adjective: Educational, Engagement, Gaming.

B)Noun Group and translation.

1)Middle school: Pre-modifiers, adjective and noun.

Students: Head.

Estudiantetes de secundaria.

2)An associate: Pre-modifier: article and adjective.

Professor: Head.

Of educatinal comunication and technology: Post-modifier: prepositional group.

Un profesor con estudios de comunicacion educacional y tecnologias.

3)Rigorous: Premodifier: Adjective.

Studies: Head.

Estudios rigurosos.

4)An: Pre-modifier: article.

Example: Head.

Of where players have to learn a lot: Post-modifier: prepositional group.

Un ejemplo de juego en donde los jugadores deben aprender mucho.

5)Conerstone: Head.

Of an educational game: Post-modifier: prepositional group.

La piedra angular de un juegos educativo .

C)Verb, Form and function

1)make, base, modal verb

2)took, ed1, 3rd person past tense

3)developing, ing, ing clause

4)to match, base, infinite caluse

5)used, ed2, passive voice

6)grabbing, ing, present progessive

7)hope, base, present tense

D)What was the text about?

The text was about of how some companies, like Microsoft, and persons, like Jan Pass, belive that videogames are actually a very good and friendly educational plataform, mainly due to the great popularity of such games along youth. It also says that extensive researches are being done in order to be able to include popular characteristics of some games, like solving puzzles, into educational games, wich, they say, will be the cornerstones of those games.

Activity 1
verb and it difents tenses
Base form eat, third-person singular simple present eats, present participle eating, simple past ate, past participle eaten
Base form Smell, third-person singular simple present smells, present participle smelling, simple past and past participle smelled or smelt
Base form walk, third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked
Base form hear, third-person singular simple present hears, present participle hearing, simple past and past participle heard
Base form feel, third-person singular simple present feels, present participle feeling, simple past and past participle felt
Base form think, third-person singular simple present thinks, present participle thinking, simple past and past participle thought
Base form Dance, third-person singular simple present dances, present participle dancing, simple past and past participle danced
Base form cry, third-person singular simple present cries, present participle crying, simple past and past participle cried
Base form see, third-person singular simple present sees, present participle seeing, simple past saw, past participle seen
Base form touch, third-person singular simple present touches, present participle touching, simple past and past participle touched

Activity 2
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The IEEE corporate office (1) is on the 17th floor of 3 Park Avenue in New York City
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (read eye-triple-e) (2) is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. It (3) has the most members of any technical professional organization in the world, with more than 365,000 members in around 150 countries.
History
The IEEE (4) is incorporated in the State of New York, United States. It was (5)formed in 1963 by the merge of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE, founded 1912) and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, founded 1884).
The major interests of the AIEE (6) were wire communications (telegraph and telephony) and light and power systems. The IRE (7) concerned mostly radio engineering, and was (8) formed from two smaller organizations, the Society of Wireless and Telegraph Engineers and the Wireless Institute. With the rise of electronics in the 1930s, electronics engineers usually (9)became members of the IRE, but the applications of electron tube technology (10)became so extensive that the technical boundaries (11)differentiating the IRE and the AIEE (12)became difficult to (13)distinguish. After World War II, the two organizations (14) became increasingly competitive, and in 1961, the leadership of both the IRE and the AIEE (15) resolved to (31) consolidate the two organizations. The two organizations formally (16) merged as the IEEE on January 1, 1963.
Notable Presidents of IEEE and its (32)founding organizations (17)include Elihu Thomson (AIEE, 1889-1890), Alexander Graham Bell (AIEE, 1891-1892), Charles Proteus Steinmetz (AIEE, 1901-1902), Lee De Forest (IRE, 1930), Frederick E. Terman (IRE, 1941), William R. Hewlett (IRE, 1954), Ernst Weber (IRE, 1959; IEEE, 1963), and Ivan Getting (IEEE, 1978).
IEEE's Constitution (18)defines the purposes of the organization as "scientific and educational, (33)directed toward the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering, as well as computer science, the allied branches of engineering and the related arts and sciences." In (19) pursuing these goals, the IEEE (20) serves as a major publisher of scientific journals and a conference organizer. It (21)is also a leading developer of industrial standards having (22)developed over 900 active industry standards) in a broad range of disciplines, (23)including electric power and energy, biomedical technology and healthcare, information technology, information assurance, telecommunications, consumer electronics, transportation, aerospace, and nanotechnology. IEEE (24) develops and participates in educational activities such as accreditation of electrical engineering programs in institutes of higher learning. The IEEE logo (25) is a diamond-shaped design which (26) illustrates the right hand grip rule. It also (27) sponsors or cosponsors more than 450 international technical conferences each year.
IEEE (28) has a dual complementary regional and technical structure - with organizational units based on geography (e.g., the IEEE Philadelphia Section) and technical focus (e.g., the IEEE Computer Society). It (29) manages a separate organizational unit (IEEE-USA) which (30) recommends policies and implements programs specifically intended to benefit the members, the profession and the public in the United States.



Form, function, what goes with the verb (adjectival, prepositional, nominal, adverbial, relative clauses)
1. S, present tense, prepositional clause
2. S, present tense, nominal clause
3. S, present tense, nominal clause
4. S, present tense, adjectival clause
5. Ed2, passive voice, prepositional clause
6. Ed1, past tense, nominal clause
7. Ed1, past tense, adverbial clause
8. Ed2, passive voice, prepositional clause
9. Ed1, past tense, nominal clause
10. Ed1, past tense, adverbial clause
11. Ing, ing clause, nominal clause
12. Ed1, past tense, adjectival clause
13. Infinitive, infinitive clause
14. Ed1, past tense, adverbial clause
15. Ed1, past tense, infinitive clause
16. Ed1, past tense, conjunction
17. Base, present tense, nominal clause
18. S, present tense, nominal clause
19. Ing, present progressive, nominal clause
20. S, present tense, prepositional clause
21. S, present tense, adverbial clause
22. Ed2, present perfect progressive, adverbial clause
23. Ing, ing clause
24. S, present tense, prepositional clause
25. S, present tense, nominal clause
26. S, present tense, nominal clause
27. S, present tense, adverbial clause
28. S, present tense, nominal clause
29. S, present tense, nominal clause
30. S, present tense, nominal clause
31. Infinitive, infinitive clause
32. ing, ing clause
33. Ed2, passive voice, prepositional clause

History of electronic engineering
In 1893, Nikola Tesla made (1)the first public demonstration of radio communication.(1) Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail (7)the principles of radio communication(7). In 1896, Guglielmo Marconi went on to develop a practical and widely used radio system. In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming, the first professor of electrical Engineering at University College London, invented (3)the first radio tube(3), (9)the diode(9). (2)One year later(2), in 1906, Robert von Lieben and Lee De Forest independently developed the amplifier tube, called (9)the triode(9).
Electronics is often considered to have begun when Lee De Forest invented(4) the vacuum tube (4)in 1907 . Within 10 years, (8)his device (8)was used in radio transmitters and receivers as well as systems for long distance telephone calls. Vacuum tubes remained (5)the preferred amplifying device(5) for 40 years, until researchers working for William Shockley at Bell Labs invented the transistor in 1947 . In the following years, transistors made small portable radios, or transistor radios, possible as well as allowing more powerful mainframe computers to be built. Transistors were smaller and required lower voltages than vacuum tubes to work. In(6) the interwar years(6), (7)the subject of electronics(7) was dominated by (7)the worldwide interest in radio and to some extent telephone and telegraph communications(7). The terms 'wireless' and 'radio' were then used to refer anything electronic. There were indeed few non-military applications of electronics beyond radio at that time until the advent of television. (9)The subject(9) was not even offered as a separate university degree subject until about 1960.
Prior to (10)the second world war(10), (9)the subject(9) was commonly known as 'radio engineering' and basically was restricted to aspects of communications and RADAR, commercial radio and early television. At (11)this time(11), study of radio engineering at universities could only be undertaken as part of a physics degree. Later, in post war years, as consumer devices began to be developed, (9)the field (9)broadened to include modern TV, audio systems, Hi-Fi and latterly computers and microprocessors. In (7)the mid to late 1950s(7), (12)the term radio engineering (12)gradually gave way to(12) the name electronic engineering(12), which then became a stand alone university degree subject, usually taught alongside electrical engineering with which it had become associated due to some similarities.
Before (7)the invention of the integrated circuit (7)in 1959, electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by hand. (13)These non-integrated circuits consumed much space and power(13), were prone to failure and were limited in speed although they are still common in simple applications. By contrast, (14)integrated circuits packed a large number (14)— often millions — of tiny electrical components, mainly transistors, into a small chip around the size of a coin.
(1) article + adjective +noun + H + prepositional group
(2) numeral + H + adverb
(3) article + adjective + noun + H
(4) article + noun + H
(5) article + ad2 adjectives + ing adjective + H
(6): article + adjective + H
(7 )article + H + prepositional group
(8) possessive adjective + H
(9) article + H
(10): article + numeral + noun + H
(11:) demistrative + H
(12) article + H + adjective + noun
(13): demonstrative + adjective + H + infinitive clause
(14) article+adjetive+noun+H

Intro: Hi teacher, my name is Juan Escobedo, remember that even I´m in section 3, from now on I will be going to your tuesday class (section 2)

Claytronics
Programmable Matter
"Claytronics" is an emerging field of engineering concerning reconfigurable nanoscale robots ('claytronic atoms', or catoms) designed to form much larger scale machines or mechanisms. Also known as "programmable matter", the catoms will be sub-millimeter computers that will eventually have the ability to move around, communicate with other computers, change color, and electrostatically connect to other catoms to form different shapes. The forms made up of catoms could morph into nearly any object, even replicas of human beings for virtual meetings.

Claytronics technology is currently being researched by Professor Seth Goldstein at Carnegie Mellon University, which is where the term was coined. According to Carnegie Mellon's Synthetic Reality Project personnel, claytronics are described as "An ensemble of material that contains sufficient local computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing, and communication" which can be programmed to form interesting dynamic shapes and configurations.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1) Find words with prefixes and sufixes and then categorize them in nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs:
Nouns: Engineering, Meeting, Actuatuion.
Verbs: Comunicate.
Adverbs: Eventually, Electrostatically, Nearly, Currently.
Adjectives: Reconfigurable, Programable, Sub-milimeter.

2) Keywords of the text:
Claytronics, matter, reconfigurable, programable, nanoscale, robot, engineering, Mellon University.

3) What was the text about
The text above was about a new kind of robots now in development by the Mellon University, that would be in the scale of a nanometer, with that size, they could be progemen to do all kind of thing, even recreate objects or persons, that´s why that new tech is also named "programable matter".

Well, as we did in the class, we have to do some things to a dictionary page, we have to check if they have some things, also if it doesn´t have them, and some other stuff that I´m going to do next:
1) Check if the dictionary have:
Spelling: Check.
Gram. Info.: Check.
Pronunciation: Check.
Examples: Check.
Meaning: Negative.
Translation: Check.
Definition: Check.
Usage: Check.
Abbreviations: Check.
Part of speech: Check.
Crossed references: Negative (maybe in other pages, but not in the one I used).

2) I have to order those things I mentioned above from the one I consider to be the most important to the least.
Spelling, meaning, definition, pronunciation, gram. info., part of speech, usage, examples, translation, abbreviations and last and least important crossed references.

3) Now I have to say wich of the words in the page I´m using is or have:
First: Abortion.
Last: Accomplishment.
Longest: Above-mentioned
Shortest: About, above, abuse, abyss
Adjetive: Abortive, above-board, above-mentioned, abrasive, abridged, abrupt, absent, absolute, absorbed, absorbing, abstemious, absurd, abundant, abusive, abusmal, academic, acceptable, accidental, accident-prone, aclimatized, accomplished,.
Adverb: about, above, abreast, abroad, abruptly, absently, absolutely, accidentaly.
Compound: Above-board, about-turn, about-face, above-mentioned, absent-minded, accident-prone.
Abbreviation: Noun, militar, medicine, adjetive, adverb, preposition, transitive verb, intransitive verb.
Idiom: None.
More than 1 meaning: Above-board, abrasive, abstract, abuse, academic, accord.

4) Now last but not least, hose 2 words and say what do they have:
Abroad: Spelling, pronunciation , part of speech, examples, gram. info., translation, usage, abbreviations.
Abyss:Spelling, pronunciation , part of speech, gram. info., translation, usage, abbreviations.