Text (from wikipedia, "Engineering")

Engineering

Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying technical and scientific knowledge and utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET[1]) has defined engineering as follows:
“The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.”[2][3][4]
One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as European Engineer, Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, or Incorporated Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.

History

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engine’er (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.”[5] In this context, now obsolete, an “engine” referred to a military machine, i. e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a catapult). The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning “innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention.”[6]
Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering[4] entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering (the original meaning of the word “engineering,” now largely obsolete, with notable exceptions that have survived to the present day such as military engineering corps, e. g., the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers).

Ancient Era

The Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Pharos of Alexandria, the pyramids in Egypt, Teotihuacán and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires, the Great Wall of China, among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient civil and military engineers.
The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.[4] As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC. [7] He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture.[citation needed]
Ancient Greece developed machines in both in the civilian and military domains. The Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known model of a mechanical computer in history, and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes' inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required sophisticated knowledge of differential gearing or epicyclic gearing, two key principles in machine theory that helped design the gear trains of the Industrial revolution and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering.[8]
Chinese and Roman armies employed complex military machines including the Ballista and catapult. In the middle ages, the Trebuchet was developed.

Activity #1

Order of information:
Sentence(If it has some kind of reference)
Kind of sentence
ICs , DCs
Type of sentence according to its clauses

One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as European Engineer, Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, or Incorporated Engineer(Those, anaphora, who practice engineering)
Declarative
IC, CC IC
Compound sentence

The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.(each, anaphora, diciplines)
Declarative
IC, IC
Compound sentence

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel.(inventions, cataphora," pulley, lever and wheel")
Declarative
IC DM DC
Complex sentence

Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.(Each, anaphora," pulley, lever and wheel";"object of reference not present" exploiting, anaphora, 'modern definition of engineering' )
Declarative
IC , IC
Compound sentence

In this context, now obsolete, an “engine” referred to a military machine.
Declarative
DC, DC, IC
Complex sentence

The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250)
Declarative
IC, IC
Compound sentence

The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC. (" Object of reference not present "As one, anaphora, Imhotep ;he, anaphora, Imhotep)
Declarative
DM DC, IC CC IC
Compound-complex sentence

He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture(he, anaphora, Imhotep)
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

Ancient Greece developed machines in both, the civilian and military domains(both, cataphora, the civilian and military domains)
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

The Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known model of a mechanical computer in history, and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering.(the, anaphora, The Antikythera mechanism; are examples, anaphora, The Antikythera mechanism and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes)
Declarative
DC, IC, CC IC
Compound-complex sentence

Chinese and Roman armies employed complex military machines including the Ballista and catapult.(complex military machines , cataphora, the Ballista and catapult )
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence

In the middle ages, the Trebuchet was developed.
Declarative
IC
Simple sentence